Developing complex engineering water purifying systems

U radu je prikazan razvoj modela složenih, inženjerskih sustava u zaštiti okoliša, na način da su izgrađeni modeli dva stvarna, složena, inženjerska sustava za pročišćavanje vode (otpadne vode Grada Čakovca te površinske vode rijeke Drave u Gradu Belišću). Pomoću ova dva modela razvijen je adaptivni model sustava pročišćavanja vode koja po kvaliteti odgovara otpadnoj komunalnoj vodi, a pročišćuje se u vodu koja po kvaliteti odgovara vodi za ljudsku potrošnju. Predviđena su mjesta potpunog zastoja sustava koji može izazvati materijalne štete, štete u okolišu te utjecati na zdravlje ljudi.This paper presents the development of complex engineering system models in the environmental protection field of study. For this purpose, the two models of genuine complex engineering systems have been created. Explicitly, these are two water purification systems whereas in one, the municipal waste water from Cakovec has been used and in the other, surface water from the Drava river in Belisce.The two models enabled the development of the adaptive water purification system model, which improves the quality of municipal wastewater and makes it suitable for public consumption. Additionally, the total adaptive system deadlocks, which may cause material or environmental damage and even affect human health, have been predicted

Developing complex engineering water purifying systems

U radu je prikazan razvoj modela složenih, inženjerskih sustava u zaštiti okoliša, na način da su izgrađeni modeli dva stvarna, složena, inženjerska sustava za pročišćavanje vode (otpadne vode Grada Čakovca te površinske vode rijeke Drave u Gradu Belišću). Pomoću ova dva modela razvijen je adaptivni model sustava pročišćavanja vode koja po kvaliteti odgovara otpadnoj komunalnoj vodi, a pročišćuje se u vodu koja po kvaliteti odgovara vodi za ljudsku potrošnju. Predviđena su mjesta potpunog zastoja sustava koji može izazvati materijalne štete, štete u okolišu te utjecati na zdravlje ljudi.This paper presents the development of complex engineering system models in the environmental protection field of study. For this purpose, the two models of genuine complex engineering systems have been created. Explicitly, these are two water purification systems whereas in one, the municipal waste water from Cakovec has been used and in the other, surface water from the Drava river in Belisce.The two models enabled the development of the adaptive water purification system model, which improves the quality of municipal wastewater and makes it suitable for public consumption. Additionally, the total adaptive system deadlocks, which may cause material or environmental damage and even affect human health, have been predicted

Developing a model of a strain (deformation) of a damaged reinforced concrete pillar in relation to a linear load capacity

Most research is mainly focused on the border load strength of a reinforced concrete pillar made of a high strength concrete, but what about the bearing capacity of the damaged AB columns of concrete with a normal strength from the last century. In this article, an experiment of a strain test (deformation) was described in relation to the amount of the axial eccentric load, to the breakdown of the damaged reinforced concrete pillar. Through real values, a model has been developed which can predict the straining of the deflection in relation to the size of the axial eccentric load. After testing the function of strain stress dependence and the axial eccentric load, a correlation test using the χ2 test was performed. Through testing, it was found that there was no statistically significant difference between the real values and the values obtained by the mathematical model

PROBLEMI NEDOSTAJUĆIH PODATAKA U DISTRIBUCIJAMA VJEROJATNOSTI KOJE NISU GAUSSOVE

Abstract Ecology as a scientific discipline has been developing rapidly and becoming the interdisciplinary science based on Information and Communication Technologies (ICT). Discovering, integrating and analyzing a huge amount of heterogeneous data is crucial in exploring complex ecological issues. Ecoinformatics offers tools and approaches for the management of environmental data which it transforms further into information and knowledge. The development of Information Technologies with the special emphasis on the research methods of gathering and analyzing data, their storage and data access, has significantly enhanced the laboratory methods and their reports. The above, influences the data quality, as well as the research itself. Moreover, it provides a stable base for the development and the replacement of missing data. The improper missing data handling can lead to invalid conclusions. Therefore, it is important to use the adequate methods for handling the missing data. This paper compares The Deleting Rows Method (Listwise Deletion Method) and six single imputation methods, namely: Last Observation Carried Forward (LOCF), Hot-deck Imputation, Group Mean Imputation, Estimated Mean Value Imputation (Regression), Mode Imputation and Median Imputation. For the purposes of this study, the actual, empirical data was collected and used from the non- Gaussian probability distribution of the observed technical system. Mostly, these are asymmetric probability distributions with a tail. Data sets with missing data were created by deleting values with a random number generator. The experiment was repeated three times for each 100%, 95% and 75% sets of the collected data. Experiments have shown that the best imputation data results were provided by Hot-Deck Method, especially when there was a larger number of missing data, which has been confirmed by the Tests of Goodness. The same results, regardless of the set size, were provided by Listwise Deletion Method, which is simpler.Sažetak Ekologija kao znanstvena disciplina brzo se razvija i postaje interdisciplinarna znanost koja se temelji na informacijsko komunikacijskim tehnologijama (IKT). Otkrivanje, integriranje i analiza ogromnih količina heterogenih podataka je ključno u istraživanju složenih ekoloških pitanja. Ekoinformatika nudi alate i pristupe za upravljanje okolišnim pokazateljima i pretvara ih u informacije i znanje. Razvoj informacijskih tehnologija s posebnim naglaskom na metode istraživanja prikupljanja i analizu podataka, njihovu pohranu i pristup podacima znatno poboljšava laboratorijske metode i njihova izvješća. Sve to utječe na kvalitetu podataka, uključujući istraživanja i pruža stabilnu bazu za njihov razvoj i zamjenu podataka koji nedostaju. Nepravilno rukovanje s „nedostajućim podacima“ može dovesti do pogrešnih zaključaka. Dakle, važno je koristiti odgovarajuće metode za upravljanje podacima koji nedostaju. U ovom radu će se usporediti metoda brisanja reda te šest metoda jednostruke metode imputacije: metoda posljednjeg provedenog promatranja, metoda Hot-deck imputacije, metoda imputacije srednje vrijednosti grupe, metoda imputacije procijenjene srednje vrijednosti (regresija), metoda imputacije moda i metoda imputacije medijana. Za potrebe ovog istraživanja, prikupljeni su empirijski podaci tehničkog sustava kod kojih se podaci ne raspoređuju prema Gaussovim distribucijama vjerojatnosti. Uglavnom su to asimetrične distribucije s repom. Skupovi s nedostajućim podacima stvoreni su brisanjem vrijednosti koristeći generator slučajnih brojeva. Eksperiment je ponovljen tri puta za svaku ispitivanu varijablu nad skupovima od: 100%, 95% i 75% prikupljenih podataka. Eksperimenti su pokazali da je najbolje rezultate imputacije podataka dala Hot-deck metoda, naročito kad nedostaje veći broj podataka što su potvrdili i testovi slaganja. Iznenađujuće je to da skoro jednako dobre rezultate, neovisno o veličini skupa, daje metoda brisanja redaka koja je puno jednostavnija

Development of a Models of Interpersonal Competencies as a Complex System

Competencies represent a dynamic combination of cognitive and metacognitive skills, knowledge and understanding, interpersonal and practical skills, and ethical values. Since there are many entities, as well as many activities between entities, according to system theory, the whole system belongs to complex systems. The paper develops a conceptual and computational model of interpersonal competences for the process of optimization and methodology design, using simulation modeling. The developed model enables: faster data collection, more accurate results, avoiding human error in data entry and processing, survey time can be measured and more easily restricted, NMAR (Not Missing at Random) data is avoided and socially desirable responses are more easily avoided

The Development of Prediction Model for Failure Force of Damaged Reinforced-Concrete Slender Columns

Any damage to the column and in particular the reducing of the cross section, requires steps to repair the columns, taking temporary measures in the form of taking part of the load and / or reducing the useful load on the damaged column. In order for these measures to be applied more adequately and at the same time preventing adverse effects, it is necessary to define the actual impact of certain cross-sectional damage on the bearing capacity. In this paper the conceptual, mathematical and system dynamics models of the effect of the force on damaged reinforced-concrete column were developed, according to the real values of the failure force. The prediction model is adaptable and it can also be used for the other length slender, the other angle of damage or the depth of damage. The methods of modelling and conceptualization of such situations contribute significantly to protection of architectural heritage. In addition, the economic component of the system should also be taken into consideration. The developed adaptive model allows setting the optimal parameters of the model according to the needs

Using AHP Method for Making a Decision on How the Management of Sewage Sludge in the Northern Croatia

By 2018, in Croatia, the agglomerations for collecting the sewage and water treatment systems are going to be constructed. All devices will be based on the mechanical-biological method of purification. However, the work of water treatment system produces a problem of sludge management. The paper presents the challenges of wastewater sludge handling and makes a decision on further sludge management. The hierarchical model of the decision making problem by defining the goal, criteria and alternative solutions is developed. On each level of the hierarchical model the elements of the model are compared with each other in pairs, and the preferences are expressed by using the Saaty’s scale. Moreover, the APH model compares the alternative pairs (thermal processing, deposition on agricultural land, disposal to waste repositories and composting) among each others. The intensities and weight preferences of one alternative over another are selected within the required criteria (economic, environmental, organisational and sociological)

Boranka - the largest volunteer reforestation campaign in Europe in terms of the number of volunteers and the number of planted trees

Public education campaigns and strategically used public relations tactics could enhance broad goals of environmental protection and restoration through building awareness and enticing to action. In case study of Boranka, one of the most successful non-profit ecological campaigns it is presented how by using element of green marketing, smart PR strategies, easy-to-use tools and engaging, emotinal story a number of people could be brought together into collective eco-friendly action. Over the course of four years Boranka resulted in more than 100,000 new trees that have been planted in burned areas throughout Croatia with more than 8,500 volunteers participating in seeding activities while over the HRK 2,170,000 (over the €288,000) was collected in funds and almost HRK 5,000,000 (about €664,000) in material goods, services and advertising space

Involving environmental informatics in Croatian technical studies

Cilj rada je istražiti stupanj znanja studenata o informatici okoliša. Istraživanje obuhvaća veliki uzorak studenata koji su anonimni a odgovorili su na svih 10 pitanja iz ankete koja se odnose na informatiku okoliša. Rezultati ankete statistički su analizirani čime je stvorena osnova za zaključivanje o razini znanja studenata tehničkog područja o informatici okoliša. Rezultati nisu zadovoljavajući pa je istraživanje prošireno i na njihove sveučilišne nastavnike da bi se istražio uzrok postignutih rezultata. Istraživanje je pokazalo da se premalo koriste metode i algoritmi za upravljanje podacima kao što su strukture podataka, rudarenje i pohranjivanje podataka, te posebne statističke metode i algoritmi za modeliranje poslovnih pravila za prikupljanje i upravljanje podacima. Uloga velikih skupova podataka (eng. big data) u promatranom području je značajna zbog česte pojave vremenskih serija u podacima i metode komparacije promatranih sustava post hoc analize kada rudarenje podataka nije dostupno, a posebno kada se želi prepoznati uzorak ponašanja promatranih sustava i njihovih komponenata.The paper presents research degree students\u27 knowledge about the Environmental Informatics. The research covered a sample of 31 students who anonymously responded to 10 survey questions about the environmental informatics. The survey results were statistically analysed to arrive at the conclusions about the students\u27 knowledge in the technical field of Environmental Informatics. The results are not satisfying, so the survey was expanded by surveying their university teachers, to investigate the reason for the given results. Research shows the insufficient use of methods and algorithms for data management such as data structures, data mining and storage, and special statistical methods and algorithms for business rules modelling for the collection and manipulation of data. The role of big data in this area is important to manage a time series of data, and a comparative analysis of the observed systems post hoc analysis of data mining is not available, especially when it comes to recognising the behaviour of systems and their components

The Development of Conceptual, Mathematical and System Dynamics Model for Food Industry Wastewater Purifying System

The paper presents the development of the conceptual, mathematical and system dynamics model for the food industry wastewater purification system which removes organic matter. The food industry often located in places where is difficult to install large systems for water purification while small sophisticated systems are expensive. Wastewater food industry is contaminated with organic matter, phosphorus and nitrogen compounds. This paper presents model of the small, cheap and effective cleaner water. The goal of the scientific investigation is developing such a model for purification wastewater and methodology design suitable to significant behavior patterns of contamination matter. Developed conceptual model is a computer variables model uses randomly chosen values from the theoretical probability distribution of the variable applied. For the validation of the model, considering that the distributions are asymmetrical non-Gaussian distributions, a non-parametric test was applied. Methodology proposed in the paper is mostly based on the simulation modeling